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Title	Review Of The Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces In Smart Cities: Opportunities, Challenges, And Applications
ID_Doc	46490
Authors	Salim ALRikabi H.T.H.; Sallomi A.H.; KHazaal H.F.; Magdy A.
Year	2025
Published	IET Smart Cities, 7, 1
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/smc2.70003
Abstract	This survey synthesises state-of-the-art advancements in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) and their transformation in urban wireless networks, focusing on addressing the challenges inherent to 5 G/mmWave communications. The authors begin by evaluating path loss, blockage, and interference in dense urban environments. The analysis comprehensively represents various RIS design, including phase-shift optimisation, material selection, and control mechanisms based on PIN and varactor diodes, whereas considering integration challenges such as scalability, energy efficiency, and real-world deployment constraints. The authors present an in-depth case study of RIS implementation in a smart city mmWave scenario, utilising both analytical modelling and simulation experiments to quantify performance improvements in beam steering and network reliability. This study highlights the potential of RIS to mitigate traditional propagation limitations and provide directions for future research, standardisation efforts, and the evolution of 6G wireless networks. © 2025 The Author(s). IET Smart Cities published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
Author Keywords	information security and privacy; intelligent control; IoT and mobile communications; networks and telematics

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