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Title	Understanding Trust In The Smart City Through Focus Groups In Hong Kong
ID_Doc	59559
Authors	Lai C.M.T.; Cole A.; Stivas D.
Year	2025
Published	Urban Science, 9, 4
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9040123
Abstract	This paper examines the role of focus groups in mixed-methods research, focusing on trust dynamics within the smart city. It takes the Asian metropolis of Hong Kong as its empirical case. It successfully validates focus groups as a research method across three dimensions. Firstly, focus groups facilitate the comparison of in-depth discussions across various demographic groups; secondly, focus groups enable collective deliberation to uncover hidden relationships; and, thirdly, when correctly employed, focus groups can bridge qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (surveys) research to enhance triangulation. In this study, the findings of focus groups substantiate the data trust paradox identified in previous surveys and interviews: high public support for technology in a low-trust environment, with explicit privacy concerns related to data management. The focus group results reinforce distinct insights in relation to birth origins and political identities, reconfirming differential trust among demographic groups. This paper demonstrates tailored focus groups as an effective approach to unraveling the trust dynamics in smart city strategies. © 2025 by the authors.
Author Keywords	focus groups; Hong Kong; mixed-methods approach; smart city; trust dynamics

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