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Smart city article details

Title	Understanding City 4.0: A Triple Bottom Line Approach
ID_Doc	59440
Authors	Yigitcanlar T.; Xia B.; Cortese T.T.P.; Sabatini-Marques J.
Year	2024
Published	Sustainability (Switzerland), 16, 1
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010326
Abstract	Rapid urbanization and population increase, along with remarkable technological advances, have accelerated the speed of digital transformation, or at least the need for it, in our cities. Whilst being smart and sustainable is seen somewhat as an ideal city quality globally, a new city concept has emerged—the so-called City 4.0—that combines Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 in the context of smart cities. While there is growing literature on the topic, there is limited understanding of City 4.0. This communication piece aims to bring clarity to City 4.0 by elaborating it from three diverse but interrelated perspectives—namely, societal, environmental, and economic lenses or domains (also know as the triple bottom line approach)—and highlights the key City 4.0 themes—namely, circularity, adaptability, livability, accessibility, authenticity, and responsibility. The methodological approach includes a thorough appraisal of the current City 4.0 literature. This communication paper informs researchers, local and regional authorities, and urban planners on the rising importance of the notion of City 4.0 and its prospective research areas. © 2023 by the authors.
Author Keywords	City 4.0; digital transformation; Industry 4.0; knowledge-based development; platform urbanism; responsible innovation; smart city; Society 4.0; sustainable development; urban innovation

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