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Smart city article details

Title	Hybrid Smartness: Seeking A Balance Between Top-Down And Bottom-Up Smart City Approaches
ID_Doc	29824
Authors	Hendawy M.; da Silva I.F.K.
Year	2023
Published	Urban Book Series, Part F270
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31746-0_2
Abstract	The idea of smart cities has been the subject of a range of views in recent years. A review of the terms and concepts around the “smart city” reveals three distinct ways of making urban development “smart”: a techno-centric approach (top-down), a social-centric approach (bottom-up), and a socio-technical approach (in-between). While each direction is significant in its own way, we argue that it is crucial to support an alternative, integrated idea of the smart city through “hybrid smartness.” In this new approach to smart cities, both top-down and bottom-up smart ideas are balanced, and recognized. It is the interweaving of both ideas that ensures an urban development model that promotes equity and sustainability. This hybrid thinking approach can thus inform the wider planning discourse that is usually trapped between top-down and bottom-up extremes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Author Keywords	Digital city; Intelligent city; Smart city

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