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Title	Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Wind-Energy Harvester With A Low Startup Wind Speed In Urban Self-Powered Sensing
ID_Doc	59016
Authors	Li G.; Cui J.; Liu T.; Zheng Y.; Hao C.; Hao X.; Xue C.
Year	2023
Published	Micromachines, 14, 2
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020298
Abstract	Wind energy as a renewable energy source is easily available and widely distributed in cities. However, current wind-energy harvesters are inadequate at capturing energy from low-speed winds in urban areas, thereby limiting their application in distributed self-powered sensor networks. A triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid harvester with a low startup wind speed (LSWS-TEH) is proposed that also provides output power within a wide range of wind speeds. An engineering-implementable propeller design method is developed to reduce the startup wind speed of the harvester. A mechanical analysis of the aerodynamics of the rotating propeller is performed, and optimal propeller parameter settings are found that greatly improved its aerodynamic torque. By combining the high-voltage output of the triboelectric nanogenerator under low-speed winds with the high-power output of the electromagnetic generator under high-speed winds, the harvester can maintain direct current output over a wide wind-speed range after rectification. Experiments show that the harvester activates at wind speeds as low as 1.2 m/s, powers a sensor with multiple integrated components in 1.7 m/s wind speeds, and drives a Bluetooth temperature and humidity sensor in 2.7 m/s wind speeds. The proposed small, effective, inexpensive hybrid energy harvester provides a promising way for self-powered requirements in smart city settings. © 2023 by the authors.
Author Keywords	electromagnetic generator; hybrid nanogenerators; low startup wind speed; self-powered sensor; triboelectric nanogenerator; wind-energy harvesting

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