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Title	The Extraction Of Buildings Height Using Satellite Photogrammetric Within 3D-Geodatabase Of Smart City: Kirkuk City As A Case Study
ID_Doc	55521
Authors	Sadiqe N.E.; Jasim O.Z.; Al-Bakri M.
Year	2024
Published	AIP Conference Proceedings, 3219, 1
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0236442
Abstract	Smart cities are currently leading the way in contemporary urban development, placing significant reliance on geospatial technologies to augment diverse facets of city life. This study aims to utilize high-resolution satellite data and geospatial algorithms to generate 3D model for the urban area of Kirkuk city center, within Iraq. This was primarily achieved by generating digital surface models (DSMs) and normalized digital surface models (nDSM) as a base for the extraction of building height. The study emphasized the importance of strategic distribution of generalized cross validation of ground control points (GCPs) and its function in assuring the accuracy of model. The study involved arguing the vertical accuracy of DTM in different scenarios, which are affected by several factors such as GCPs, checkpoints, and tie points to obtain different vertical root mean square error (RMSE) (1.6978, 2.8075) m. In addition to the disparities between raw and orthorectified satellite images, highlighting insights into the important procedure of image rectification. The findings reported the ability of satellite-based photogrammetry to generate low level detailed 3D models, hence proving its necessity in smart city applications, and highlight valuable contribution to the progress of line of sight, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and infrastructure management in the Kirkuk city. Moreover, this study proved a precedent for future initiatives aimed at utilizing satellite-based 3D modeling to drive the advancement and expansion of smart urban areas. © 2024 Author(s).
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