| Abstract |
The world is becoming smarter and more connected as more devices and systems are involved to improve daily life. These devices are being used in a wide range of applications, including health, smart agriculture, smart cities, smart homes, smart meters, military applications, business, and education. Recently, a new technology emerged the Internet of Things (IoT). Devices in IoT could be referred as objects or/and nodes, which can also be could be sensors for observing environmental phenomena including humidity, temperature, speed, or position. Unlike sensors, devices that are connected to IoT environment could have more complex roles such as actuators that operate as environmental manipulators. Also, embedded systems, computers, smartphones, smart TVs, smart watches, and smart tags are some examples of these devices. IoT environment could be vulnerable to various types of attacks, and existing authentications algorithms could fulfill the purpose of security issues in an environment, however, devices are constrained by a number of factors, including battery life, communication range, and storage capacity. Conventional authentication framework in an IoT environment has many challenges as it could be considered resources consumption in terms of processing and energy. Extended devices' lives require a limited exchange of data packets and authentication techniques should be lightweight. These constrained devices and their limited resources motivated the researchers to propose light-weighted technologies that can be used in the IoT environment easily and efficiently. This paper evaluates authentication process with IOTA Tangle technology which is a lightweight distributed ledger and Blockchain technology. The finding shows a reduced need for PoW mining and the parallel processing capability of Tangle, which leads to lower CPU usage and outperforms blockchain in terms of energy. Tangle managed resources more efficiently compared with blockchain which is a significant advantage for authentication process where resource conservation and scalability are essential. © 2025 Author(s). |
