| Abstract |
Microgrids (MG) have numerous benefits for power systems and can pave the way for the exploitation of renewable energy resources such as wind turbines and photovoltaic units as well as plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) leading to a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, MGs decline/defer the investment in both power transmission and distribution networks by accommodating the distributed generation units close to the energy consumption. Notwithstanding, there is still room for maximizing the benefits of MGs for power systems by developing multimicrogrid distribution networks (MMDN). Distribution networks (DNs) can host and connect several microgrids that are adjacent to each other to form networked MGs. In an MMDN, each MG may comprise a partial or whole distribution feeder creating an integrated system. The MMDN can improve the resilience of DNs against different high-impact catastrophic natural and man-made events, such as wind storms, earthquakes, cyberattacks, and large-scale sabotage in smart cities since this new system can provide energy for consumers by using resilient energy management to minimize the energy not supplied and to avoid complete power outage (blackout) in distribution level, specifically for sensitive and vital electric loads. However, the inherent intermittency and variability of renewable resources as well as electric loads pose new challenges to the optimal energy management of MMDNs. Consequently, a proper problem formulation for handling uncertainties linked to renewable energy, plug-in EVs, loads, and electricity prices is crucial. Consequently, the main purpose of this book chapter is to first develop an exact deterministic Mixed-integer linear programming model for the resilience-oriented energy management of MMDN to respond effectively in emergency conditions, then the aforementioned model will be modified by deploying scenario-based stochastic programming to include respective uncertainties in the model. The results show a 20.32% reduction in the total cost of MMDN using the proposed approach compared to the scheduling that disregards potential outages. By exploring the practical implementation and optimization of energy management strategies within networked microgrids, the chapter contributes to the book's aim of enhancing the resilience of modern distribution networks through active and strategic paradigms. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
