Smart City Gnosys

Smart city article details

Title	A Secure And Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer Network Architecture For The Internet Of Things
ID_Doc	4454
Authors	Mustafa R.; Sarkar N.I.; Mohaghegh M.; Pervez S.; Morados R.
Year	2025
Published	Sensors, 25, 11
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s25113457
Abstract	A secure and energy-efficient network architecture is essential due to the rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in critical sectors such as healthcare, smart cities, and industrial automation. In this paper, we propose a secure and energy-efficient cross-layer IoT architecture. The security features and energy-saving techniques across various open-system interconnected protocol layers are incorporated in the proposed architecture. The improved security and energy efficiency are achieved using the lightweight Speck and Present ciphers, as well as adaptive communication strategies. The system performance is evaluated by testbeds and extensive simulation experiments using Cooja (Contiki operating systems) and NS-3. The simulation results obtained show a 95% attack mitigation effectiveness, 30% reduction in energy usage, and 95% packet delivery ratio. In a 20-node network scenario, Speck uses 5.2% less radio power than the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), making it the best tradeoff among the investigated encryption techniques. The NS-3 simulation results confirm that lightweight encryption, such as Present and Speck, uses much less power than the traditional AES, which makes them more appropriate for IoT contexts with limited energy. The scalability across various IoT contexts is ensured through a hybrid assessment approach that combines hardware testbeds and simulation for system validation. Our research findings highlight opportunities for advancing IoT systems toward secure and energy-efficient smart ecosystems. © 2025 by the authors.
Author Keywords	cross-layer network architecture; energy efficient; internet of things; secure IoT

Similar Articles

Id	Similarity	Authors	Title	Published
1173	0.9	Mustafa R.; Sarkar N.I.; Mohaghegh M.; Pervez S.	A Cross-Layer Secure And Energy-Efficient Framework For The Internet Of Things: A Comprehensive Survey	Sensors, 24, 22 (2024)
16625	0.899	Mustafa R.; Sarkar N.I.; Mohaghegh M.; Pervez S.; Vohra O.	Cross-Layer Analysis Of Machine Learning Models For Secure And Energy-Efficient Iot Networks	Sensors, 25, 12 (2025)
5489	0.874	Sarker K.U.	A Systematic Review On Lightweight Security Algorithms For A Sustainable Iot Infrastructure	Discover Internet of Things, 5, 1 (2025)
21952	0.871	Rajesh G.; Raajini X.M.; Sagayam K.M.; Sivasangari A.; Henesey L.	Eelc: Energy-Efficient Lightweight Cryptography For Iot Networks	Security and Privacy Issues in IoT Devices and Sensor Networks (2020)
3069	0.871	Hazzaa F.; Hasan M.M.; Qashou A.; Yousef S.	A New Lightweight Cryptosystem For Iot In Smart City Environments	Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity, 4, 3 (2024)
21366	0.87	Lardier W.; Varo Q.; Yan J.	Dynamic Reduced-Round Cryptography For Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication Of Smart Iot Devices	IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2020-June (2020)
2011	0.868	Tran S.-N.; Hoang V.-T.; Bui D.-H.	A Hardware Architecture Of Nist Lightweight Cryptography Applied In Ipsec To Secure High-Throughput Low-Latency Iot Networks	IEEE Access, 11 (2023)
35256	0.862	Rana M.; Mamun Q.; Islam R.	Lightweight Cryptography In Iot Networks: A Survey	Future Generation Computer Systems, 129 (2022)
23929	0.861	Desai L.R.; Malathi P.; Patil D.M.; Sonone S.T.; Kalokhe S.G.; Jawalkar A.	Enhancing Security In Iot Devices With A Comprehensive Analysis Of Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms	Advances in Nonlinear Variational Inequalities, 27, 4 (2024)
1174	0.86	Martalò M.; Pettorru G.; Atzori L.	A Cross-Layer Survey On Secure And Low-Latency Communications In Next-Generation Iot	IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 21, 4 (2024)