Smart City Gnosys

Smart city article details

Title	Quantum Key Distribution In Multiple Fiber Networks And Its Application In Urban Communications: A Comprehensive Review
ID_Doc	43994
Authors	Granados G.; Velasquez W.; Cajo R.; Antonieta-Alvarez M.
Year	2025
Published	IEEE Access, 13
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3577086
Abstract	Information security faces unprecedented challenges in the digital age, particularly in the face of cyber threats and the emergence of quantum computing. This research examines QKD as a solution for secure communications in urban fiber networks. The study analyzes QKD protocols, including BB84 and Twin-Field QKD, implementing a 46-node metropolitan quantum network and key distribution over distances greater than 1002 kilometers. Various transmission media, such as multicore optical fibers and free-space communication, were evaluated, demonstrating high-capacity quantum communication with advanced noise mitigation techniques. The results reveal significant advances in quantum communication security, highlighting the potential of QKD to provide theoretically secure key distribution based on quantum mechanical principles. The research addresses challenges such as transmission loss, environmental disturbances, and network scalability, laying the groundwork for future implementations in metropolitan networks. This work contributes significantly to the standardization of evaluation protocols and metrics, which is crucial for the global adoption of QKD in a world increasingly dependent on cybersecurity, especially in developing smart cities. © 2013 IEEE.
Author Keywords	post-quantum cryptography; quantum communication protocols; quantum cryptography; Quantum key distribution; urban communications security

Similar Articles

Id	Similarity	Authors	Title	Published
27530	0.894	Das S.; Das A.	Future Perspective Of Quantum Cryptography For Smart Cities Of The 21St Century	Handbook of Research on Quantum Computing for Smart Environments (2023)
47770	0.874	Bera B.; Das A.K.; Sikdar B.	Securing Next-Generation Quantum Iot Applications Using Quantum Key Distribution	IEEE Internet of Things Magazine, 8, 1 (2025)
32894	0.868	Srikrishnan A.; Raaza A.; Abishek B.E.	Internet Of Things (Iot) Network Security Using Quantum Key Distribution Algorithm	International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 70, 2 (2022)
4323	0.867	Chawla D.; Mehra P.S.	A Roadmap From Classical Cryptography To Post-Quantum Resistant Cryptography For 5G-Enabled Iot: Challenges, Opportunities And Solutions	Internet of Things (Netherlands), 24 (2023)
43986	0.864	Khan S.; Jain C.; Rathi S.; Maravi P.K.; Jhapate A.; Joshi D.	Quantum Computing In Data Security: A Critical Assessment	Quantum Computing in Cybersecurity (2023)
46000	0.86	Meng X.; Yu X.; Chen W.; Zhao Y.; Zhang J.	Residual-Adaptive Key Provisioning In Quantum-Key-Distribution Enhanced Internet Of Things (Q-Iot)	2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, IWCMC 2020 (2020)
45353	0.856	Zhang P.; Zheng Y.; Chen Z.	Research On Distribution Terminals' Horizontal And Vertical Quantum Keys Secure Transmission Algorithm Based On 5G Communication Networks	2023 3rd International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer Science, EIECS 2023 (2023)
9960	0.854	Safari A.; Kharrati H.	Application Of Optical Wireless Communications In Iot Devices Of Smart Grids Within Smart Sustainable Cities: With Hybrid Perspectives To Metaverse & Quantum Iot	2023 8th International Conference on Technology and Energy Management, ICTEM 2023 (2023)
17019	0.852	Al Maqousi A.; Basu K.	Cybersecurity Framework For Smart Cities: Leveraging Quantum Cryptography And Blockchain	2025 1st International Conference on Computational Intelligence Approaches and Applications, ICCIAA 2025 - Proceedings (2025)
43985	0.851	Dhanaraj R.K.; Rajasekar V.; Hafizul Islam S.K.; Balusamy B.; Hsu C.-H.	Quantum Blockchain: An Emerging Cryptographic Paradigm	Quantum Blockchain: An Emerging Cryptographic Paradigm (2022)