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Title	Latency Of Concatenating Unlicensed Lpwan With Cellular Iot: An Experimental Qoe Study
ID_Doc	34788
Authors	Ramoutar A.; Motamedi Z.; Abdulla M.
Year	2021
Published	IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2021-September
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VTC2021-Fall52928.2021.9625483
Abstract	Developing low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) solutions that are efficient to adopt, deploy and maintain are vital for smart cities. The poor quality-of-service of unlicensed LPWAN, and the high service cost of LTE-M/NB-IoT are key disadvantages of these technologies. Concatenating unlicensed with licensed LPWANs can overcome these limitations and harness their benefits. However, a concatenated LPWAN architecture will inevitably result in excess latency which may impact users' quality-of-experience (QoE). To evaluate the real-life feasibility of this system, we first propose a concatenated LPWAN architecture and experimentally measure the statistics of end-to-end (E2E) latencies. The concatenated delay margin is determined by benchmarking the latencies with different LPWAN architecture schemes, namely with unlicensed IoT (standalone LoRa), cellular IoT (standalone LTE-M), and concatenated IoT (LoRa interfaced with LTE-M). Through extensive experimental measurement campaigns of 30,000 data points of E2E latencies, we show that the excess delay due to LPWAN interfacing introduces on average less than 300 milliseconds. With a users' QoE satisfaction of 95%, we also found that concatenated LPWAN outperforms unlicensed IoT by roughly 1.5 s. Overall, the result suggests that a concatenated LPWAN is technically feasible and offers an affordable alternative for real-world smart city deployment. © 2021 IEEE.
Author Keywords	Cellular IoT; Latency; LPWAN; QoE; Smart Cities

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