| Abstract |
There has been a massive evolution in the field of wireless technology and communications in recent decades. The development of this trend is characterized by the evolution of a series of mobile generations. 0G was the first mobile phone service followed by 1G to 5G. Recently studies have been ongoing for 6G and 7G. 1G, enables voice calls with analog technology, 2G marked the transition to digital voice, 3G wireless internet with video calling and mobile internet services, 4G or LTE is mobile broadband, 5G wireless edge like smart cities, 6G will be able to support speeds of over 1Tbps, AI technology 50 times faster than 5G, while latency is projected at 10-100µs. 7G the future technology involves low-noise and high-frequency oscillator configurations using photonics, which are utilized in terahertz transceivers. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |