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Title	Charting The Design And Implementation Of The Smart City: The Case Of Citizen-Centric Bikeshare In Hamilton, Ontario
ID_Doc	13874
Authors	Bradshaw, R; Kitchin, R
Year	2022
Published	URBAN GEOGRAPHY, 43, 4
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2021.1878439
Abstract	Previous scholarship on the smart city has expressed concern at the top-down, technocratic nature of smart technologies and the lack of meaningful citizen participation in their development. In this paper, we utilize instrumentalization theory to trace the initiation, design and deployment of a specific smart city initiative: bikeshare in Hamilton, Ontario. Smart bikeshare is increasingly seen as complicit in processes of social stratification, serving a predominately white, middle-class demographic and particular locales. Our case study reveals the potential of reflexive design praxes to reconfigure bikeshare as a platform for both instrumental and social value. In particular, we highlight how collaborative, open and inclusive forms of urban governance can enroll a broad range of civic actors to create a scheme that embodies diverse but complimentary goals and ideologies. We conclude that instrumentalization theory provides a conceptual means to open up the "black box" of urban design to critical interrogation, and to identify how to enact participatory design and citizen-centric smart urbanism.
Author Keywords	Bikeshare; smart city; citizenship; participatory design; instrumentalization theory

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