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Title	Visual Classification Of Dumpsters With Capsule Networks
ID_Doc	61267
Authors	Garcia-Espinosa F.J.; Concha D.; Pantrigo J.J.; Cuesta-Infante A.
Year	2022
Published	Multimedia Tools and Applications, 81, 21
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12899-9
Abstract	Garbage management is an essential task in the everyday life of a city. In many countries, dumpsters are owned and deployed by the public administration. An updated what-and-where list is in the core of the decision making process when it comes to remove or renew them. Moreover, it may give extra information to other analytics in a smart city context. In this paper, we present a capsule network-based architecture to automate the visual classification of dumpsters. We propose different network hyperparameter settings, such as reducing convolutional kernel size and increasing convolution layers. We also try several data augmentation strategies, as crop and flip image transformations. We succeed in reducing the number of network parameters by 85% with respect to the best previous method, thus decreasing the required training time and making the whole process suitable for low cost and embedded software architectures. In addition, the paper provides an extensive experimental analysis including an ablation study that illustrates the contribution of each component in the proposed method. Our proposal is compared with the state-of-the-art method, which is based on a Google Inception V3 architecture pretrained with Imagenet. Experimental results show that our proposal achieves a 95.35% accuracy, 2.35% over the previous best method. © 2022, The Author(s).
Author Keywords	Capsule networks; Garbage management; Image recognition; Smart cities

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