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Title	Traffic Congestion In Shimla: A Smart City In The Himalayan Mountain Landscape—Analyzing Socioeconomic Impacts From The Perspectives Of Drivers And Passengers
ID_Doc	58542
Authors	Chandel A.S.
Year	2025
Published	Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 13, 1
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21650020.2025.2502000
Abstract	This study investigates the socio-economic impacts of traffic congestion in Shimla, a Smart City in the Indian Himalayan region undergoing rapid urbanization. Employing a mixed-methods design, it integrates structured surveys (n = 720), direct field observations, GIS-based spatial analysis, and real-time IoT sensor data. Quantitative analysis through descriptive statistics, ordinal logistic regression, t-tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal–Wallis tests revealed that congestion significantly affects travel times, stress levels, accident risks, and operational costs, with impacts varying across age, income, occupation, and gender groups. Thematic analysis of open-ended responses emphasized psychological stress, work disruptions, and family time loss as key concerns. Spatial regression (R2 = 0.76) identified major congestion hotspots such as Victory Tunnel and ISBT Crossing, linking physical delays with perceived socio-economic burdens. A cost–benefit analysis of proposed mitigation strategies–including adaptive traffic control, dedicated bus lanes, park-and-ride facilities, and seasonal traffic management–demonstrated strong feasibility and potential to reduce congestion delays by up to 30%. The findings offer actionable insights for sustainable urban mobility planning, emphasizing the need for targeted, data-driven interventions to enhance transport resilience in mountainous cities like Shimla. The study also contributes to broader discussions on Smart City development and sustainable urbanization in topographically constrained environments. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Author Keywords	GIS spatial analysis; smart city; socio-economic impacts; sustainable urban mobility; Traffic congestion

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