| Abstract |
With the rising demand for smart infrastructure and improved living standards, traditional concrete is becoming insufficient for modern functional needs. This has driven the development of multifunctional concrete materials that integrate advanced functionalities into conventional systems. Among these, multifunctional conductive concrete stands out by combining structural integrity with electrical conductivity. Through the incorporation of conductive fillers, it gains capabilities such as self-heating, self-powering, and self-diagnostics without compromising mechanical performance. Its self-heating function raises the surface temperature by over 80 °C within 20 min under a 30 V input (≈1568.04 W/m2), enabling effective deicing. When integrated with 1 % carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 50 % Bismuth sodium titanate-bismuth potassium titanate-barium titanate (BNBK), the cementitious composite exhibits a dielectric constant of 230, with piezoelectric charge (d33) and voltage (g33) coefficients of 33 pC/N and 31 mV m/N, respectively, highlighting its potential for self-powering, low-energy sensors. Additionally, with only 3 % carbon black, the cementitious composite shows a fractional change in resistivity greater than 12 during freeze-thaw cycles, supporting real-time damage and health monitoring. These features enhance durability, resilience, and intelligent functionality across the building and civil infrastructure systems. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of multifunctional conductive concrete, focusing on its conductivity mechanisms, physical and functional properties, representative case studies, and application scenarios. It also identifies key research challenges and explores perspectives, positioning the multifunctional concrete as a next-generation technology for smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, and integrated energy solutions. © 2025 The Authors |
