| Abstract |
The advancement of geospatial cyberinfrastructure and technology will enable high-performance GISystems, provide smart and intelligent GIServices, and transform GIScience from a specialized scientific discipline into an important research domain bridging data science, computer science, and geography. There are four unstoppable trends in the future development of GISystems: (1) Web-based and Cloud-based GIS; (2) personalized data collection methods via mobile apps, drones, digital cameras, and portable LIDAR devices; (3) high-performance computing frameworks and dynamic data storage services; and (4) lightweight and responsive mapping application programming interfaces with lightweight geodata exchange formats. These new developments will facilitate new types of GIServices, including self-driving cars, smart transportation systems, and smart city applications. Intelligent web mapping services will provide 3D and real-time map display functions across various display devices. Location-based services will be improved by combining both outdoor positioning systems and indoor positioning systems. However, the spatial disparity of geospatial technology and the potential digital discrimination between rural and urban areas could trigger serious social problems and social unrest in the future. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
