| Abstract |
Cleaner power production, electrochemical battery storages, multi-agent energy interactions, and smart energy management, are critical to transit towards carbon-neutral districts. However, there is no systematic and comprehensive review on formulation of multi-directional interactive systems, semi-empirical and data-driven models for online estimation of battery depreciations, stochastic based smart energy management framework through optimal design and smart control. In this study, a state-of-the-art review has been conducted, in respect to interactive energy sharing networks with electrochemical battery storages, from perspectives of battery degradation modelling development, smart energy management, single- and multi-objective optimisations, and energy flexibility enhancement. Advanced techniques are proposed for the multi-criteria performance enhancement of interactive energy sharing networks, including shared renewable energy within district communities, mobility-based spatiotemporal energy sharing, and multi-directional energy interaction modes. An in-depth and dialectical analysis has been provided to predict dynamic depreciation (calendar and cycling ageing) and lifetime on electrochemical battery storages, including semi-empirical and data-driven models. Heuristic smart control strategies are thereafter formulated, such as renewable-to-demand, grid-responsive and battery-protective control strategies. Afterwards, a comprehensive review is conducted on multi-objective optimisations from different stakeholders (such as prosumers, building owners, utility grid company, and policy-makers), together with strategies for multi-criteria decision making to help identify the ‘best of the best’ solution along the Pareto optimal front. The formulated multi-directional energy sharing systems, machine learning based data-driven model on battery degradation estimation, and smart energy management framework can promote renewable and sustainable energy networks in smart cities. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd |
