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Title	Special Vehicle Classification Algorithm-Based System For Dedicated Parking Zone Violation Detection In South Korea
ID_Doc	52705
Authors	Park H.; Kim K.; Jeong I.; Jung J.; Cho J.
Year	2025
Published	IEEE Access, 13
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3526862
Abstract	To address the problem of managing dedicated parking zones arising from the increasing number of electric vehicles and vehicles for the physically challenged, this paper proposes a license plate recognition (LPR)-based parking control system that combines the YOLO and MobileNet algorithms. These two algorithms are designed for real-time object detection and efficient preprocessing, respectively, and can operate in real time in resource-constrained edge-device environments. In tests using data from more than 51,000 vehicles, the system achieved an accuracy rate of 95.76% in classifying electric vehicles and 97.18% in classifying vehicles for the physically challenged. The average CPU and RAM utilizations of the system were 34.54% and 45.04%, respectively. In addition, the processing time per image was recorded as approximately 1.04 s, demonstrating its potential to run reliably on edge devices. These results are expected to facilitate the efficient resolution of parking management problems in smart cities and effective operation of parking zones reserved for electric vehicles and vehicles for the physically challenged. © 2025 The Authors.
Author Keywords	Artificial intelligence; bounding box; license plate recognition (LPR); MobileNet; optical character recognition (OCR); video processing; YOLO

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