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Title	Low-Cost Water Level Sensor With Improved Data Quality For Flash Flood Monitoring In Urban Areas
ID_Doc	35740
Authors	Frontera-Bergas M.; Mestre-Sansó F.; Sanchez R.; Isern E.; Alorda-Ladaria B.
Year	2024
Published	Proceedings of IEEE Sensors
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS60989.2024.10784687
Abstract	Flooding represents an unavoidable natural phenomenon that can result in significant loss of life and damage to infrastructure. Within urban environments, the presence of buildings, roads, and other man-made structures can disrupt natural drainage patterns, impede infiltration, and amplify surface runoff. Consequently, deploying many sensors holds potential for generating distributed runoff models capable of capturing fine-scale details necessary for early detection of flash floods. This study explores a capacitive based sensor approach to designing water level measurement stations using cost-effective measurement techniques, integrating a rigorous improvement of data quality prior to transmission to the smart city platform, thereby facilitating deployment in urban settings. The sensor structure and its sensing methodologies are comprehensively elucidated. Specifically, the sensor employs two distinct types of measuring methodologies to ascertain water level measurements, enhancing data validity through cross-verification based on differing well-known physical principles. Additionally, the study reports the sensor implementation, calibration, and resolution, providing empirical evidence to support the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed implementation strategy. © 2024 IEEE.
Author Keywords	Capacitive sensor; Conductive sensor; Low-cost sensing; Quality assurance; Water Level sensor

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