| Abstract |
5G technology supports smartphones and different IoT devices to provide various services, such as smart buildings, smart cities, and many others, which require 5G antennas and beamforming approaches with low latency, low path loss, and stable radiation patterns. 5G antenna architecture can be classified into two major categories. SISO (single input single output) and MIMO (multiple input multiple output) are based on input output ports. Both are further classified as wideband and multiband based on their frequency response. The SISO antennas can also be classified into single element and multielement antennas, which are suitable for integration with 5G devices to support IoT. The MIMO antennas can be categorized into a multielement antenna with and without a metal rim for both wideband and multiband. MIMO antennas are the best candidate for smartphones, while massive MIMO antennas can be used at base stations. In MIMO metal rim antenna design, the use of carrier aggregation reinforces the transmission rate. Additionally, design features such as orthogonal polarization boost isolation, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency. Additionally, antennas can be classified based on their types, which are elaborated in detail with their performance enhancement techniques. These enhancement methods have a profound effect on the electrical and physical properties of an antenna, which in turn enhances the overall performance of an antenna. This chapter provides a brief review of different 5G antenna designs with their performance enhancement techniques, as well as different antenna beamforming approaches for 5G technology. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. |
