| Abstract |
In recent decades, European countries have experienced significant consequences of climate change, including severe water scarcity and intense heat waves. In June 2024, the average temperature in these countries notably increased by 1.57 °C. This has further resulted in an unsustainable environment, leading to the extinction of natural resources, large wild fires, loss of biodiversity, decline in livestock population, and adverse effects on human well-being. To overcome these challenges, European countries are adopting innovative approaches and technologies, including nature-based solutions, smart cities and urban resilience strategies, carbon accounting technologies, ecosystem restoration efforts, intelligent water management systems, climate-resilient agricultural practices, and savvy digital solutions. In addition to discussing these technologies, we will also explore the EU policy framework and public subsidies. This chapter covers a range of strategies and technologies implemented across European countries to reduce and adapt to the impacts of climate change. It also presents case studies featuring specific examples of European climate resilience projects. Furthermore, this chapter offers comprehensive insights into existing European technologies, enhancing global adaptability and laying the groundwork for developing innovative approaches to climate resilience worldwide. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. |
